COAL AND PETROLEUM   

NATURAL RESOURCES AND MAN MADE RESOURCES

Resources which are available in the nature and can used without modification for human needs is known as natural resources. eg:-air, water, sunlight

Resources created by the human beings are called man made resources. eg:-petrol, LPG, CNG

CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Resources that are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities is called INEXHAUSTIBLE NATURAL RESOURCES

The amount of some resources in the nature is limited. then can be exhausted by human activities is called EXHAUSTIBLE NATURAL RESOURCES

FOSSIL FUELS

Some exhaustible natural resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. are formed from the dead remains of living organisms(fossil). So these resources are called fossil fuels

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOSSILE FULES

COAL

Due to natural process like flood forests in the low laying areas got buried under the soil as they sank deeper and deeper the pressure and temperature increases. Due to this high temperature and pressure dead plants slowly converted to coal

As main content of the coal is carbon the slow process of conversion of dead plants and trees in to coal is also known as carbonization.

COAL IS PROCESSED IN INDUSTRY TO GET SOME USEFUL PRODUCT SUCH AS

1. COKE:- Tough porous and black substance, which is almost pure form of carbon. It is used in manufacture of steel and is extraction of many metals
2. COAL TAR:- Black thick liquid with unpleasant smell. It is mixture of many substances. It is used in the manufacturing of synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastic, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, naphthalene balls etc
3. COAL GAS:- It is obtained during the process of converting coal to coke. It is used as fuel in many industries

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS

Petroleum is also a fossil fuel formed from the organisms living in the sea, as they dies their bodies will settled  at the bottom of the sea and get covered by sand and clay over millions of years in the absence of air, high pressure and temperature transforms the dead organisms in to petroleum and natural gas 

VARIOUS CONSTITUENTS OF PETROLEUM AND THEIR USES

Natural gas is very important fossil fuel because

• it is very easy to transport through pipe
• natural gas stored in high pressure is called compressed natural gas(CNG) is used in power generation, and also used as fuel in automobiles( it is less polluting and is a clean fuel)
• it can directly supplied to factories and homes through pipes
• it is also used in manufacturing of many chemicals and fertilizers 

NEED OF CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

• Since the natural resources like fossil fuels, forests, minerals etc. are exhaustible we need to conserve them for our future generations also
• to convert dead organisms to fossil fuels it required millions of years so excess consumption led to the shortage 
• burning of fossil is the major cause of air pollution resulted in global warming so use the fuels only when absolutely necessary 

Advices of Petroleum Conservation Research Association of India to save petrol/diesel while driving are

1. drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible
2. switch off the engine at the traffic as well as the place where you wait 
3. ensure the correct air pressure
4. ensure regular maintenance of vehicle