ELECTRIC CHARGES



TYPE OF CHARGES 

There are two type of electric charges, positive charge (+) and negative charge(-)

PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CHARGES

Unlike charges, always attract each other. 
Positive charge kept near negative charge/ negative charge kept near positive charge, attract each other.

Like charges always repel each other. 
Positive charge kept near positive charge / negative charge kept near negative charge, repel each other.

PRESENCE OF CHARGE IN MATTER

All the materials around as are generally known as matters (matter is anything that can occupy space and have mass). All the matters are made up of tiny building unites called atoms. Atoms are made up of some small subatomic particles – electrons, protons, neutrons.

atomic stricture
The centre part of the atom is known as nuclear, which contain protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles and neutrons are chargeless particle (neutral). And electrons which are revolving around the nuclear of an atom in fixed orbits has negative charge. From this we can understand charges are particles present in atoms, the proton is a positively charged particle and the electron is the negatively charged particle.

SI unit of charge coulomb (c)
Charge of a body = ne
where n is the no: of the electron and e is the charge of the electron

e = 1.6 x 10 −¹⁹ C

Value of charge in proton and electron is equal but opposite sign (electron is negative and proton is positive) so they cancel each other because of that atom as whole is neutral (no charge)


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