ATOMS AND SYMBOLS

 Atoms are the building blocks of all the matters around us. Like bricks used for building a huge building.

Size of atoms

Atoms are very very small, can’t see with our naked eyes. They are smaller than anything that we can imagine. For example, A small sheet of paper is made up of millions of atoms. 
Since atoms are too small, atomic radius is measured in nanometres. 
1nanometre = 1/10 ⁹ meters 
or
1m = 10⁹nm 

Symbols of atoms of different elements 

There are 118 elements identified and named officially by IUPAC. IUPAC stands for international union of pure and applied chemistry, it is the international scientific organisation which approves the name of elements, symbols and units. 
Each atoms of element are provided with specific symbols to identify then and we use this symbols to represent chemical reactions.Dalton was the first scientist to use symbols for elements to represent them. But present symbols provided by IUPAC is different from that used by Dalton. 

Criteria’s used to provide symbols for elements 

  • Most of the symbols are first letter of the elements. Eg: H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, N for nitrogen etc.
  • Some elements name start with same alphabet, so two letters is taken from the name of element to give symbols. Eg: Al for aluminium, Co for cobalt, He for helium. Important point :- if the symbol of an element contains two letters, first letter should be capital letter and second letter should be small letter as shown in the examples 
  • Some other symbols have taken from the name of element in Latin, German, Greek etc. Eg: Fe is the symbol of Iron, taken from its Latin name ferrum, Na is the symbol of sodium from natrium Latin name, K for potassium from kalium German name etc
Symbols of some important elements 


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